LV-Dyrk1a shRNA was used to silence the Dyrk1a gene to study the function of it. (From BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Lentivirus LV-Dyrk1a shRNA T Dang, WY Duan, BYu, DL Tong, C Cheng, YF Zha ...Read more

AAV- hChR2(H134R) virus was used for optogenetic manipulation to active LC tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) + neurons. AAV- hM4Di was used for chemogenetic inhibition of LC-TH + neurons. AAV2-Cre and AAV2/9- mCherry were used to look for the probabl ...Read more

PRV443-EGFP and PRV152-EGFP were used to characterize the spread of PRV in mouse olfactory cortex. (From BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Pseudorabies virus PRV443-EGFP PRV152-EGFP Hao-Long Zen ...Read more

The modified monosynaptic rabies tracing technique was used to achieve cell-type-specific monosynaptic tracing of extrinsic inputs. (From BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Tracing Helper PT-0021 ...Read more

VGAT-Cre and DIO-hM4Di AAV were used to chemogenetically inactivate dorsal CA1 interneurons activity. (From BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below CRE Recombinase PT-0346 rAAV-VGAT1-CRE-WPRE-hGH poly ...Read more

A widely used rabies virus (RV)-mediated retrograde monosynaptic tracing strategy was adopted to reveal the input neurons of CB+/CR+ neurons in the nonlemniscal auditory thalamus (From BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVT ...Read more

AAV-hM3D(Gq) and AAV- hM4D(Gi) were used for chemogenetic manipulations to excite or inhibit mPFC CRF neurons. AAV- hChR2 (H134R) and AAV-eNpHR3.0 were used for optogenetic manipulations to activate or inhibit the mPFCNAc pathway. (All virus ...Read more

AAV-p35 and AAV-GFP was used to test whether p35 expression could rescue synaptic deficits and impaired learning and memory defects observed in CcKO mice. (From BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table belo ...Read more

Retrograde PRV-EGFP and anterograde HSV-tdTomato were used to trace the EPmasseter muscle pathway. The viruses used in this article are in the table below Pseudorabies virus PRV-152-EGFP Herpes simplex virus HSV-tdTomato Yujie Guo, Xun Tang, ...Read more

AAV-ChR2 was used to investigate the functional connections between the aPVT glutamatergic neurons and NAc MSNs. (From BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Optogenetic PT-0297 AAV2/9-CaMKIIa-ChR2-m ...Read more

PRV152-GFP was used for retrograde labeling of TG neurons innervating the IWAEC. (From BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article are in the table below Pseudorabies virus PRV152-GFP Haixia Liu, Xutao Zhu, Yun Ling, Xiaobin He, Lei Pei, Zhi ...Read more

RV was used for monosynaptic tracing to characterize the inputs of PV interneurons in ACC. (From BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Tracing Helper PT-0165 AAV2/9- Ef1 -DIO-TVA-GFP PT-0023 AAV2/9- ...Read more

Genetically modified virus tracing H129TK was used to determine synaptic targets of Htr2c cells. AAV-ChR2 was used to determine whether synaptic connections between Htr2c cells and EW cells are functional. The viruses used in this article ar ...Read more

A retrograde viral vector, pseudorabies viral GFP (RV), was used to trace projections from outside structures that reached the OB and to determine the structural basis upon which hm--syn was transferred between cells. (From BrainVTA ) The vi ...Read more

AAV- hM3D was used for the chemogenetic experiment of activation of Hcrt neurons with simultaneous inhibition of the PVT. AAV- Cre was used for chemogenetic inhibition of NAc- or mPFC-projecting PVT neurons. RV was used for retrograde monosy ...Read more

Rabies virus was used for monosynaptic viral tracing.AAVs were used to label the morphology of specific neurons. (From BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Control PT-0473 AAV-CAG-Dio-mCherry Traci ...Read more

AAV-GCaMP6 was used to investigate whether the IL of the SC receiving somatosensory input reflects visual threat signals. (From BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Calcium sensors PT-0110 AAV9-Ca ...Read more

A retrograde transsynaptic tracing system based on a modified RV was used to demonstrate the whole-brain monosynaptic inputs for each cell type. (From BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Tracing ...Read more

AAV-hChR2 viruses were used for optogenetic activation of excitatory neurons, AAV-hM4D(Gi) virus was used for chemogenetic inhibition experiments. AAV-taCasp3 virus was used for ablating M1 L5 excitatory neurons. PRVs were used for retrograd ...Read more

Virus-like particle (VLP) of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) were used to develop a new tool to the approaches for rapid and sparse labeling of neurons in vivo. Pub Date: 2019-03-19, DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00362-z ， Email: sales@brainvta.com F ...Read more

AAV-Cre was used for monosynaptic anterograde transport. A trans-synaptic tracing method based on a modified rabies virus was used to determine whether LHb-projecting vLGN/IGL neurons receive direct innervation from RGCs.(All viruses were ...Read more

Chronos-GFP was used for activation of entorhinal CCK projections, hChR2-eYFP was used for direct optogenetic manipulation of specific projection neurons. The viruses used in this article are in the table below Optogenetic AAV-Ef1-Flex-Chron ...Read more

An adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based fluorescent tracer was used to analyze the axon projection patterns of these neurons. The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below RV R01004 SAD19-DG-mCherry(EnvA) Tracing Helpe ...Read more

Rabies virus-mediated, trans-synaptic, retrograde tracing system was used to identify the monosynaptic afferent inputs to SCN CCK neurons. (From BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Tracing Helper ...Read more

AAV-ChR2 was used to examine if PVT projects to and regulates the excitability of other amygdala nuclei, AAV-EGFP was used for control. (From BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Optogenetic rAAV-h ...Read more

Cholera toxin beta-subunit was used to evaluate Anterograde axonal transport capabilities of RGCs. (From BrainVTA ) The product used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Cholera toxin beta-subunit CTB-488 Pub Date: 2018-12-16 ...Read more

AAV-ANKS1B was used to increase the expression of anks1b in VTA. AAV-flag was used for control. (From BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Custom-Made AAVs rAAV2/9-CMV-ANKS1B-flag-pA Control rAAV2 ...Read more

Cell type specific trans-monosynaptic AAV-RV tracing system was utilized to investigate the inputs of subregional BFCNs from different olfactory areas. Anterograde transsynaptic virus tracer, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), was used to fur ...Read more

AAV-Cxcr2-RNAi was used to silence Cxcr2 in astrocytes and pyramidal neurons, AAV-shRNA was used to silence Cxcl1 expression in ECs in vivo. AAV-GLT1 was used to further test whether restoration of GLT1 function. (all viruses were packaged b ...Read more

CAV2-Cre was used to determine whether iron transported from the vHip to the mPFC travels specifically in vHipmPFC projections, AAV- EGFP- SLC40A1 was used to examine the effect of overexpressing FPN in the vHipmPFC projections. (All viruses ...Read more

A rabies virus tracing system was used to investigate the monosynaptic inputs from the VTA to DRN serotonergic and GABAergic neurons. hM3Dq-mCherry(From BrainVTA ) was used for chemogenetic manipulation to activate rVTA/DRN GABAergic termina ...Read more

Hsp70 shRNA was used for knockdown of Hsp70 mRNA expression and KChIP4a-shRNA was used for decrease in KChIP4a mRNA expression. The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Custom-Made AAVs AAV-U6-scrambled-shRNA-CMV ...Read more

hM3Dq-mCherry was used for chemogenetical manipulation to activate the VTA Nos1 neurons. AAV-taCASP3 was used to ablate VTA Vglut2 neurons. GCaMP6f and GCaMP6s viruses were used for fiber photometry experiments. The viruses used in this arti ...Read more

Cre-on or Cre-out optogenetic viruses were used to activate CCK BLA-NAcc and non-CCK BLA-NAcc glutamatergic neurons. Rabies virus was used for monosynaptic viral tracing. hM3Dq-mCherry and hM4Di-mCherry were used for chemogenetic manipulatio ...Read more

A abies virus tracing system was used for retrograde monosynaptic tracing. hChR2-mCherry and eNpHR3.0-eYFP viruses were used for optogenetic manipulations, hM3D(Gq)-mCherry and hM4D(Gi)-mCherry viruses were used for chemogenetic manipulation ...Read more

AAV- PKM was used to overexpress PKMz in the BLA. (From BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Control PT-0241 rAAV-hSyn-GFP-pA Custome-Made AAV rAAV-hSyn- PKM-pA Xiaoli Gao, Rui Zheng, Xiaoyan Ma, Z ...Read more

shRNA-AURKB was used for genetic knockdown of the rat AURKB gene，shRNA-empty vector was used as a NC. (All viruses were packaged by BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Custome-Made AAVS rAAV-U6- ...Read more

A rabies virus (RABV)-based retrograde monosynaptic tracing system (From BrainVTA ) was used to identify that TEE-tagged neuronal ensembles in DG received inputs mainly from LEC layer 2 neurons. Chemogenetics manipulation was used to selecti ...Read more

RG-deleted RV strategy was used to identify monosynaptic inputs to LPT GABAergic neurons. ChR2-mCherry was used to label the axonal projections. (All viruses were packaged by BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in t ...Read more

Retrograde virus hSyn-Cre in LHA and Ef1-DIO-GCaMP6s virus in vCA1 were used to examine the activity of the LHA-projecting vCA1 neurons. (All viruses were packaged by BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table ...Read more

AAV6-mediated shRNA with mCherry expression (From BrainVTA )was used to perform in vivo knockdown of sortilin in L5 DRG to evaluate whether changes in sortilin expression were required for pain hypersensitivity. The viruses used in this arti ...Read more

hChR2-mCherry (From BrainVTA )was used for optogenetic manipulation. hM3D(Gq)-mCherry and hM4D(Gi)-mCherry were used for pharmacogenetic inactivation or inhibition of dmPFC principal neurons. AAV-GCaMP6m was used to measure activities of dmP ...Read more

hM3D(Gq)-mCherry and hM4D(Gi)-mCherry (From BrainVTA ) were used for chemogenetic activation or inhibition of GABAergic neurons in vlPAG. The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below CRE Recombinase PT-0306 rAAV-mDlx ...Read more

Monosynaptic RV(From BrainVTA ) was used to label the whole-brain inputs to specific cell types in the Mop and MOs simultaneously. The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Tracing Helper PT-0095 rAAV2/9-Ef1a-DIO ...Read more

ChR2-mCherry (From BrainVTA ) was used for optogenetics to manipulate the activity of PVC interneurons, hM3Dq -mCherry and hM4Di mCherry were used for an enhancement of neuronal excitability and suppression of neuronal firing, respectively. ...Read more

Retrograde trans-multisynaptic tracers PRV were used for neural circuit tracing. The viruses used in this article are in the table below Pseudorabies virus PRV152 PRV614 PRV531 PRV724 Fan Jia, Pei Lv, Huan Miao, Xiangwei Shi, Hongjun Mei, Li ...Read more

ChR2-mCherry was used for optogenetic activation of oxytocinergic fibers, eNpHR3.0-mCherry was used for optogenetic inhibition of the PVN (OTergic)-PrL pathway. (All viruses were packaged by BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from B ...Read more

AAV expressing the Cre enzyme (From BrainVTA ) was used to induce NAc-specific deletion of D1Rs (NAc Drd1KO) and D2Rs (NAc Drd2KO). Lentiviruses were used to evaluate the effects of Rac1 and Cdc42 on METH-induced behavioral and structural p ...Read more

AAV-Gcamp6s was used for fiber photometry experiments, AAV-BFP was used for tracing experiments, Cre-dependent monosynaptic retrograde tracing (From BrainVTA ) was used to map the structures projecting to VTA VGluT2+ neurons. The viruses us ...Read more

AAV-GCaMP6s was used to investigate the activity of GABA+ neurons, RV was used to examine mono-synaptic inputs to VTA GABA+ neurons. (All viruses were packaged by BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table bel ...Read more

RV(From BrainVTA ) was used for monosynaptic retrograde tracing to further determined whether the distinct roles of the limbic and sensory TRN in flight may result from different synaptic connections. The viruses used in this article from Br ...Read more

hM3Dq-mCherry and hM4Di-mCherry were used to selectively silence or active the Th:LC-CA1 circuit respectively. ChR2-EYFP was used for direct output projections in LC-TH+ neurons. (All viruses were packaged by BrainVTA ) The viruses used in t ...Read more

hM4D(Gi)-mCherry and hM3D(Gq)-mCherry were used for chemogenetics manipulation to inhibit or excite of the GluS1BF neuronal activity. (All viruses were packaged by BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table be ...Read more

AAV -GCaMP6m was used to monitor the activity of neurons. AAV mGFP was used for control. The viruses used in this article are in the table below Control AAV -DIO-mGFP Calcium sensors AAV -DIO-GCaMP6m Pub Date: 2019-05-06, DOI: 10.1007/s12264 ...Read more

AAV‐GCaMP6s was used to investigate whether leptin affects the odor‐evoked population activity of M/Ts. AAV‐VGAT1‐CRE was used to record the population calcium signal from genetically labeled granule cells. (All viruses were packaged ...Read more

AAV-GCaMP6s was used to monitor CA3 PyNs activity on a real-time fiber photometry. hM4Di-mCherry was used for chemogenetic inhibition to determine the antidepressant-like effects of TGR5. AAV- iGluSnFR was used to track endogenous glutamate ...Read more

VSV in this article was used to couple with ferritin to generate a new trans-synaptic tracing tool. The viruses used in this article are in the table below VSV rVSV-dG-EGFP rVSV-dG-Ferritin-EGFP rVSV-EGFP rVSV-Ferritin-EGFP Pub Date: 2019-08 ...Read more

AAV and LV transduction SVCT2 were used for overexpression or SVCT2 interference in vivo and in vitro. (All viruses were packaged by BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Control rAAV-Ef1a-pA Custom ...Read more

AAV-mCherry was used for identification of GABAergic neurons, AAV- GCaMP6s was used for fiber photometry. (All viruses were packaged by BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Control PT-0325 AAV-VGAT ...Read more

hM3Dq-YFP and hM4Di-YFP were used to specifically excite or inhibit VTA DAergic neurons. ChR2-mCherry was used for specific stimulation of VTA DAergic neurons. (All viruses were packaged by BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from Br ...Read more

RV were used to compare their retrograde infection efficiencies in vivo，AAV-retro were used for retrograde labeling in the long-projection cortical and hippocampal neurons. (All viruses were packaged by BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this ...Read more

RV for retrograde labeling and PRV for retrograde and trans-synaptic tracing were used to systematically dissect the organization of the topdown olfactory circuits. (All viruses were packaged by BrainVTA ) The viruses used from BrainVTA in t ...Read more

VEGFB-EGFP and circAnks1a-EGFP were used for overexpression of gene Vegfb and circAnks1a . AAV-EGFP and Cre-mCherry viruses were used for control. The viruses used in this article are in the table below Custome-Made AAVs AAV-hSyn-circAnks1a- ...Read more

AAV-Gcamp6s was used for fiber photometry experiments, AAV- BFP was used for control. RV was used to check and detail the VTA VGluT2+ network. (All viruses were packaged by BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in th ...Read more

AAV- hM3Dq (From BrainVTA ) and AAV-hM4Di were used for chemogenetic manipulations to specifically evaluate the contribution of ACC, dHPC and vHPC neurons in contextual fear discrimination. AAV- EGFP (From BrainVTA ) was used for retrograde ...Read more

RV-DsRed virus was used for retrograde monosynaptic tracing， hChR2 and eNpHR3.0 viruses were used for optogenetic manipulation. hM3D(Gq) and hM4D(Gi) viruses were used for chemogenetic manipulations, Cre-dependent AAV was used for the ant ...Read more

AAV-taCasp3 was used for ZIv PV + neuronal selective ablation. For monosynaptic retrograde tracing. Rabies virus-mediated retrograde tracing (From BrainVTA) were used to examine the ZIv-Po connection. The viruses used in this article From Br ...Read more

RV viruses were used for retrograde monosynaptic tracing to label the monosynaptic input neurons of GABAergic neurons in the mPFC. For electrophysiology experiments, hCHR2(H134R) virus was used to assess the functional connectivity among cho ...Read more

RV-eGFP virus were used for retrograde monosynaptic tracing to determine direct synaptic connections, ChR2-eGFP virus were used for optogenetic manipulation to determine the functional properties. The viruses used in this article are in the ...Read more

RV-DsRed was used for retrograde monosynaptic tracing，hChR2 and eNpHR3.0 viruses were used for optogenetic manipulation. hM4D(Gi) viruses were used for chemogenetic manipulations, Cre-dependent AAV was used to visualize collateral pathways ...Read more

Tissue‐Engineered Neural Network Graft Relays Excitatory Signal in the Completely Transected Canine Spinal Cord VSV-EGFP and PRV-mRFP viruses (From BrainVTA ) were used for anterograde and retrograde tracing to evaluate whether disrupted n ...Read more

RV virus was used for anterograde transsynaptic tracing. Optogenetic viruses were used to observe the effects on the mechanical nociceptive threshold. Chemogenetic viruses were used to inhibit excitatory neuronal activity in the pPVT. (all v ...Read more

RV virus was used for retrograde tracing to analyze upstream regions that innervate NAcPV neurons. GCaMP6m virus was used for fiber photometry to confirm the impact of different neuron types on anxiogenic information processing. (all virus ...Read more

PRV-614-mRFP and PRV-152-EGFP virues (From BrainVTA ), were used for trans-synaptic retrograde tracer labeling neuronal circuits. hM3Dq-mCherry virus was used for chemogenetic stimulation of glutamatergic neurons in LH. The viruses used in t ...Read more

To specifically infect postsynaptic Re neurons with mCherry or hM3Dq-mCherry, AAV-Cre was injected into the vLGN/IGL. For monosynaptic tracing the inputs to Re, RV virus was injected into Re. (From BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article ...Read more

SFV-EGFP (From BrainVTA) to sparsely label neurons was used examined the dendritic processes and spines of ACC pyramidal neurons. EYFP viruses for optical activation behavioral experiments, hM3D(Gq) viruses for the DREADDs activation behavio ...Read more

For optical tagging of PV- or SST-expressing INs, Cre- inducible AAV carrying ChR2-mCherry were used. hM4D(Gi) and hM3D(Gi) viruses were used for pharmacogenetic inhibition to selectively suppress the PV INs during social interaction test. ( ...Read more

AAV-EGFP (From BrainVTA ) was used for anterograde tracing to verify the retrograde tracing results. CB-555 (From BrainVTA ) was used to label the CSF-contacting nucleus. The viruses used in this article From BrainVTA are in the table below ...Read more

hChR2 and eNpHR3.0 viruses were used for optogenetic manipulation. hM3D(Gq) and hM4D(Gi) viruses were used for chemogenetic manipulations, Cre-dependent AAV was used to locate the PVN-projecting GABAergic neurons in BNST. (all viruses were p ...Read more

RV virus was injected for cell-type-specific retrograde trans-synaptic tracing, hChR2-EYFP and hChR2-mCherry viruses were injected for optogenetic experiments, hM4D-EGFP virus was injected for the chemogenetic test. (all viruses were package ...Read more

Optogenetic viruses were used for the activation or inhibition of LH glutamatergic neurons. The virus expressing GCaMP6m was used for recording the activities of LH glutamatergic neurons in the freely-moving mice. (some viruses were packaged ...Read more

For rabies tracing experiments, Cre-dependent TVA and tdTomato with nuclear location signal linked through a 2A peptide AAV expressing Cre-dependent Rabies Glycoprotein (From BrainVTA ) were co-injected into the graft site of PD mice 5 month ...Read more

AAV-shRNA virus (From BrainVTA ) was used for suppressing ICAM5 expression to verify the involvement of ICAM5 in dendritic spines. The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Custom-Made AAVs AAV-ICAM5shRNA-EGFP Pub ...Read more

hChR2 and eNpHR3.0 viruses (From BrainVTA ) were used for optogenetic manipulation. hM4D(Gi) viruses were used for chemogenetic manipulations, Cre-dependent AAV and HSV viruses were used to to further verify the intrinsic heterogeneity of di ...Read more

RV virus (From BrainVTA ) was used for rabies tracing experiment to investigate the neural circuit mechanism. AAV virus expressing GCaMP6s (From BrainVTA ) was used to monitor urine evoked activities. The viruses used in this article from Br ...Read more

RV-DsRed virus (From BrainVTA ) was used for retrograde monosynaptic tracing. AAV retro was used to drive gene expression specifically in DRN-projecting LPB neurons. hM4Di virus was used to inhibit the synaptic transmission of the neurons. ...Read more

PRV-EGFP and PRV mRFP viruses (From BrainVTA ) were used for the retrograde tracing to label CSNs connecting to nerve trunks 248 of the brachial plexus. AAV-Retro viruses were used to validate the PRV labeled layer V neurons were CSNs. The v ...Read more

HSV -EGFP and PRV -EGFP viruses (From BrainVTA ) were used for anterograde and retrograde tracing to investigated the neurocircuits of LS and identify the sequence of projections from the lateral septal nucleus. The viruses used in this arti ...Read more

rAAV expressing constitutive active GSK-3 was used to investigate the effects of enhancing GSK-3b activity on synapse development. The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Custom-Made AAV AAV-hSyn-GSK-3 Mengmeng ...Read more

Gcamp6f virus (From BrainVTA ) was used for fiber photometry. The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Calcium sensors PT-0147 rAAV-hSyn-Gcamp6f-WPRE-pA Pub Date: 2019-10-15, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.07.00 ...Read more

AAV-Gcamp6s was used to monitor the activities of MS cholinergic neurons, hChR2 and Arch viruses were used for optogenetic manipulation, hM3Dq and hM4Di viruses were used for chemogenetic manipulation, AAV-flex-taCasp3 was used to specifical ...Read more

Lenti-hEPHX2 was used to overexpress the human EPHX2 gene, AAV-Ephx2-shRNAs was used to selectively decrease the expression of EPHX2 gene, pEf1a-Ephx2 plasmid DNA and a control plasmid (pEf1a-eYFP) (From BrainVTA ) were used to further chara ...Read more

ChR2 and eNpHR viruses were used for optogenetic manipulation to verify the role of VTA GABAergic neurons in mediating anesthesia. hM3Dq and hM4Di viruses were used for chemogenetics manipulation to further investigate the effect of VTA GAB ...Read more

hChR2 and eNpHR3.0 viruses (From BrainVTA )were used for optical activation of orexinergic terminals in the VTA. The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Optogenetic PT-0002 rAAV-Ef1a-DIO-hChR2-mCherry PT-0007 rA ...Read more

chTEA and eArch viruses (From BrainVTA )were used for optogenetic manipulation to specifically activate and inactivate the PV interneurons respectively. The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below Control PT-0258 pA ...Read more

eNpHR3.0 or hM4D (From BrainVTA ) viruses were used to manipulate the activity of the projection in the AcbC, RE3g-Cre (From BrainVTA ) /flex-taCasp3-TEVp system was used to induce Cre-dependent and caspase 3 (Casp3)-dependent apoptosis and ...Read more

Drd1-mCherry and Drd2-mCherry virus were used to specifically label the D1-MSNs or D2-MSNs to observe the effects of Rac1 on D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs spine remodelling in the NAc. (From BrainVTA ) The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA ar ...Read more

Chronic pain, such as neuropathic pain, cancer pain, migraine and chronic low back pain, is one of the most common clinical symptoms. Patients with chronic pain often have the clinical symptoms of depression. Moreover, depressive symptoms ma ...Read more